Schema.DescribeFieldResult and Schema.PicklistEntry can be used to fetch picklist values of Salesforce Standard object picklist field.

Sample Apex Code:

Schema.DescribeFieldResult fieldResult = Account.Type.getDescribe();   
List < Schema.PicklistEntry > picklistEntries = fieldResult.getPicklistValues();   

for ( Schema.PicklistEntry objEntry : picklistEntries ) { 
    
    System.debug(
        objEntry.getLabel() + 
        ' - ' +
        objEntry.getValue()
    );     
    
}