Context Variables in triggers are isExecuting, isInsert, isUpdate, isDelete, isBefore, isAfter, isUndelete, new, newMap, old, oldMap, size.

isExecuting	Returns true if the current context for the Apex code is a trigger, not a Visualforce page, a Web service, or an executeanonymous() API call.
isInsert	Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an insert operation, from the Salesforce user interface, Apex, or the API.
isUpdate	Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an update operation, from the Salesforce user interface, Apex, or the API.
isDelete	Returns true if this trigger was fired due to a delete operation, from the Salesforce user interface, Apex, or the API.
isBefore	Returns true if this trigger was fired before any record was saved.
isAfter	Returns true if this trigger was fired after all records were saved.
isUndelete	Returns true if this trigger was fired after a record is recovered from the Recycle Bin (that is, after an undelete operation from the Salesforce user interface, Apex, or theAPI.)
new	Returns a list of the new versions of the sObject records. Note that this sObject list is only available in insert and update triggers, and the records can only be modified in before triggers.
newMap	A map of IDs to the new versions of the sObject records. Note that this map is only available in before update, after insert, and after update triggers.
old	Returns a list of the old versions of the sObject records. Note that this sObject list is only available in update and delete triggers.
oldMap	A map of IDs to the old versions of the sObject records. Note that this map is only available in update and delete triggers.
size	The total number of records in a trigger invocation, both old and new.