getSobjectType() can be used to get Object Name from the Id value using Salesforce Apex.

Sample Code:

Id recId = '0013t00002XXRyDAAX';
Schema.SObjectType objType = recId.getSobjectType();  
System.debug(
    'Object Type is ' + 
    objType
);  

Visualforce page:

<apex:page 
    controller="sample" 
    sidebar="false" >  
    <apex:form >  
        <apex:pageblock id="pg" >  
            <apex:pageblockSection >  
                <apex:pageBlockSectionItem>
                    Record Id
                </apex:pageBlockSectionItem>  
                <apex:pageblockSectionItem >
                    <apex:inputtext value="{!recId}"/>
                </apex:pageblockSectionItem>  
            </apex:pageblockSection>  
            <apex:pageBlockButtons >  
                <apex:commandButton 
                    value="Find" 
                    action="{!find}" 
                    reRender="pg"/>  
            </apex:pageBlockButtons>  
            <apex:outputText >
                The object type is : {!objType}
            </apex:outputText>  
        </apex:pageblock>  
    </apex:form>     
</apex:page> 

Apex: Controller:

public with sharing class sample {  
  
    public Id recId { get; set; }  
    public Schema.SObjectType objType { get; set; }  
      
    public void find() {  
  
        objType = recId.getSobjectType();  
        System.debug(
            'Object Type is ' + 
            objType
        );  
  
    }  
  
} 

Output: