SOQL on UserRecordAccess entity can be used to find user’s record access in Salesforce.

SOQL Syntax:

SELECT RecordId, HasReadAccess, 
HasTransferAccess, MaxAccessLevel, 
HasAllAccess, HasDeleteAccess
FROM UserRecordAccess
WHERE UserId = '<User Id>'
AND RecordId = '<Record Id>'

Sample SOQL:

SELECT RecordId, HasReadAccess, HasTransferAccess, MaxAccessLevel, HasAllAccess, HasDeleteAccess
FROM UserRecordAccess
WHERE UserId = '0058c000007oEERAA2'
AND RecordId = '0018c000026ZmPmAAK'

Output: