ChatterEnabledforUser permission will be enabled or available when the ‘Profile-Based Chatter Rollout’ feature is enabled in the Salesforce Org. Permission Label for the ChatterEnabledforUser permission is “Enable Chatter”.

SOQL to find Profiles with “Enable Chatter” Permission:

SELECT Id, Name 
FROM Profile 
WHERE ChatterEnabledforUser = true

SOQL to find Permission Sets with “Enable Chatter” Permission:

SELECT AssigneeId, Assignee.Name 
FROM PermissionSetAssignment 
WHERE ChatterEnabledforUser = true